Internal combustion engine



F. C. L. DAIX.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 7, WM.

1,308,400. Patented July 1, 1919.

3 SHEETSSHEET l.

F. C. L. DAIX.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-7.1914.

Patented July 1, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 F. C. L. D'AI X.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGlNE.

ented July 1, 1919,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

c jvwantoz Pat APPLICATION FILED OCT- l| I914.

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INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented duly ll, TWW.

' Application filed flctober K1914 Serial lilo. 565,443.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, lFnrrz C. L DAIx, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of NewYork, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-CombustionEngines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines, and in certain ofits aspects more especially to four stroke cycle engines. Objects of theinvention are to provide a novel engine wherein useless thrusts andvibrations are eliminated or neutralized, and

useless and mischievous strains and stresses are avoided, thuspreventing loss of efiiciency and useless absorption of the powergenerated; to provide such an engine in which the reaction from theexplosion of the charge is absorbed and transmitted to the engine shaftsubstantially in its entirety; to provide novel mechanisms having suchcharacteristics and operating upon the four stroke cycle principle.

The invention consists in the novel parts, constructions, arrangements,combinations and improvements herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and forming a part hereof,illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with thedescription serve to illustrate the principles thereof.

()f the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central section through a cylinder and cotiperating partsshowing the" pistons in position substantially at the end of thecompression stroke and ready for the firing of the charge of compressedgas;

Fig. 2 shows a portion. of the right hand end in elevation, showing theengine casin and shaft bearing, and in the central and left hand endshowing the cylinder in section and the valve shell in elevation; and

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the engine, the first cylinder from theleft showing the engine shaft crank, the next cylinder showing the crankomitted, the third cylinder being in section on the line A-A of Fig. 2;and the last cylinder toward the right being in section on the lineB-Bof Fig. 2.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of exampleone embodiment of the invention, a cylinder 1 is provided, preferablyhaving a water jacket 2 for cooling. The cylinder 1 is open at bothends, said ends connecting respectively into casings 3 and 4. In thecasing, 3 is mounted an engine shaft 5, suitably journaled, and formedon said shaft 5 is a crank 6. Said crank 6 connects by a connecting rod7 to a p ston 8 by means of a wrist pin 9, said plston reciprocating inthe cylinder 1. The piston 8 is provided with suitable piston rin s 10.

Til the casing 4: at the opposite end of the cylinder 1 is suitablyjournaled an engine shaft 15', having formed therein a crank 16.. r

A connecting rod 17 connects from said crank 16 to a. wrist pin 18carried by a piston 19. Said piston 19 is reciproca'bly mounted in thecylinder 1. Piston 19 is provided with piston rings 20.

The shafts 5 and 15 are geared together so that the pistons 8 and 19travel synchronously but in opposite directions in the cylinder 1. Forthis purpose said shafts '5 and 15 are geared together. in a suitablemanner. As embodied a ear 21 is fixed on shaft 5 to rotate therewith.Meshing with gear 21 is an intermediate gear 22 mounted on the engineframea Meshing with gear 22 is a gear 23 fixed on shaft 15 to rotatetherewith. Said gears are arranged to give equal revolutions of theshafts 5 and 15.

Suitable means are provided by the invention for causing-the successiveadmis--' sion, compression, explosion and expulsion of the powerproducing gas. bodied form of such means, there is provided a valveshell 28 of cylindrical form and fitting as a lining within the cylinder1, the pistons 8 and 19 working within the valve shell 28. cylinder 1 isa suitable gas intake conduit or manifold 29, which connects withasuitable carbureter or other power fluid supplying device. From themanifold 29 a port 30 communicates to the interior of the cylin der 1,said port 30 bein preferably of arouate form, and also preferably'ofsomewhat less size than a semi-diameter on cylinder 1. A suitableexhaust port 31"is likewise provided in the cylinder 1, which islikewise preferably of arcuate form and of approxi Communicating withthe mission of fuel gas and the exhaust or expulsion of the burnt gases.As embodied, there is formed in said valve shell 28 an intake port oropening 33 of corresponding form to the intake port 30 of the cylinder.In the valve shell 28 there is also provided a port or opening 34 forthe exhaustion of the spent gases, said port 34 being of correspondingform to the exhaust port 31 in the cylinder 1. The intake opening 33and? the exhaust opening 34 in the valve shell 28 are preferablydiametrically opposite each other. In the embodied form the valve shellis movable longitudinally of the cylinder to open and close the ports,and the parts are preferably proportioned and arranged so that the valveshell 28 may be stopped at one position in its longitudinal travel withboth its intake port 33 and its exhaust port 34 intermediate the intakeport 30 and the exhaust port 31 of the cylinder, and with all the portsthus closed, (as shown in Fig. 1). Suitable ignition means are provided,and for this purpose an opening 35 is shown into which opening a sparkplug may be screwed.

Means are provided by the invention for moving the valve shell to andfro longitudinally, and in the embodied form of such means there isloosely sleeved on the exterior of the valve shell 28 where it projectsfrom the end of the cylinder (at the right hand in Fig. 1) a ring 40,which ring 40 has worm teeth 41 formed on the exterior thereof. Adjacentto said worm teeth 41 the ring 40 has formed therein a groove 42. Intothe groove 42 projects a ring 43, which ring 43 is fastened to the endof the cylinder 1 by suitable means, such as lag screws 41. This holdsthe ring 40 in position at the end of the cylinder while leaving it freeto rotate.

Meshing with the worm teeth 41 is a worm threaded shaft 45 suitablyjournaled in the machine frame and having fixed thereon to rotatetherewith a gear wheel 46. Gear wheel 46 is suitably driven, as by ameshing gear 47 fixed on shaft 15. Formed on the interior face of thering 40 is a cam groove 48, into which projects a pin fixed, to thevalve shell 28. At the opposite end of the cylinder 1 the valve shell 28projects and screwed thereon is a collar 50, a coil spring 51 being incompression between said collar and the left -hand end of cylinder 1(referring to Fig. 1). Suitable means are provided for preventingrotational movement of the valve shell 28, and for this purpose there isshown a pin 52 fixed in the cylinder 1 and projecting into alongitudinally disposed slot 53 in the valve shell28.

The foregoing description has been applied to but a single power unit,but it will be understood that a plurality of such power units may beconnected to the same shafts in a well known manner, the cylinders beingarranged to fire in any desired order, preferably on successive strokes,and being variously connected to the engine shaft in any desired angularrelation. In Fig. 3 a unit of four cylinders connected to the 7 engineshafts is shown.

The manner of operation of the herein described mechanism issubstantially as fol lows The engine may be assumed to be running, 7 andabout to start upon the gas intake stroke. The valve shell 28 will havebeen moved to the right from the position shown in Fig. 1 until theintake opening 33 in valve shell 28 is in registry with the intake 8port- 30 of the cylinder. Both pistons. under the momentum of theengine, move away from each other and outwardly toward the respectiveends of the cylinder 1, thus creating the suction for drawing in thecharge S of gas. By the time the pistons have reached the outward end oftheir travel, the worm ring 40 will have been turned suliiciently toshift the valve shell 28 toward the left of the position shown in Fig.1, in which position the intake and exhaust ports are both closed. Thepistons, on the next stroke, move baekwardly in the cylinder 1comjn'essing the charge between them. The compressed charge of gas isthan ignited and exploded 9 to give the power impulse to the engine, a

suitable timin device being employed to regulate the point of explosionin the usual manner. Under the impulse of the explo sion, the pistons 8and 19 are driven apart and absorb practically the entire energy of theexplosion. As the pistons ap 'n'oaeh the outward limit of their travelupon the explosion stroke, the valve shell 28 is again moved to the leftfrom the position shown in Fig. 1 until the exhaust opening 34 in thevalve shell registers with the exhaust port 31 in cylinder 21, as shownin Fig. 2. The pistons now move toward each other on the exhaust strokeand expel the burned gases from the cylinder. As the pistons approachthe end of their travel on the exhaust stroke, the valveshell 28 ismoved to the right in Fig. 1 until the intake opening 33 registers withintake port 30. This is effected as the 11 pistons are traveling fromeach other in Fig.

1 and starting on the next suction stroke.

From all the foregoing it will be understood that an engine has beenprovided re- An internal combustion engine including 1' alizing theobjects of invention and the adin combination a cylinder open at bothends, two shafts at opposite ends of said cylinder, two pistons in saidcylinder, one piston connected to one of said shafts and the otherpiston connected to the other of said shafts, a longitudinallyreciprocable cylindrical sleeve within said cylinder and about saidpistons, said sleeve projecting from said cylinder at both ends, aspring acting on said sleeve at one end of the cylinder to impel ittoward one end of its stroke, a cam ring mounted loosely on the oppositeend of said sleeve and having an internal cam groove and an externaldriving gear connections from the engine shaft for driv- 15 ing saidgear, and a member on the sleeve' working in the cam groove'toreciprocate the sleeve.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name'to this specification, inthe presence of 20 two subscribing witnesses.

FRITZ C. L, DAIX.

